Gas administration



March 31, 1936. E. l. MoKEssoN GAS ADMINISTRATION 6 Sheets-Sheet l Filed March 5l, 1950 March 3l, 1936.

GAS ADMINISTRATION Filed March 51, 1930 E. l. McKEssoN 6 Sheets-Sheet 2,

vMarch 31,1936. g, l, MCKESSON Y 2,035,492

GAS ADMINI STRATION March 31, 1936.

GAS ADMIN I STRATION Filed March 5l, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 l. McKEssoN K 2,035,492

March 31, 1936. I EI l, MCKESSON 2,035,492`

' GAS ADMINSTRATION Filed Maron 5l, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 l Mw @QQQOQOOGOGO my M @a f '3 /f7 w f7 Jfzyz i l 41,6

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31, 1936. E, MCKESSON 2,035,492

' GAS ADMINISTRATION v Filed March 3l, 1950 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Patented Mar. 31, 1936 UNITED STATES GAS ADMINISTRATION Elmer I. McKesson, Toledo, Ohio; Martha F.

McKesson, executrix of said Elmer I. McKesson, deceased, assgnor to Martha F. McKesson,

Toledo, Ohio Application March 31, 1930, Serial No. 440,259

8 Claims. (Cl. 12S-203) This invention relates to gas administration, more particularly in connection with analgesia and ansthesia.

This invention has utility when incorporated in connection with determining facts regarding the condition of a patient and the manner or the taking or administration of the gas or gases together with the production of a record by the patient and the operator.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation, with parts broken away, of apparatus for carrying out the invention herein; Fig. 2 is a plan view'of the apparatus of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line III- IIL Fig. 2,

looking in the direction of the arrow;

Fig. 4 is a section on the line IV--IV, Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrow;

Fig. 5 is a partial section on Ythe line V-'V, Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrow;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary View of the device from the right of Fig. 3, the cover plate being removed;

Fig. 7 is a view of the apparatus of Fig. 1, from the rear, parts being broken away;

Fig. 8 is a section on the line VIII-VIII, Fig. 7, looking in the direction of the arrow;

Fig. 9 is a section on the line IX-IX, Fig. 8, looking in the direction of the arrow;

Fig. 10 is a chart having fragmentary disclosures of various significant features of record;

Fig. 11 is a section on the line XI-XL Fig. 2;

Fig. 12 is a front View of the apparatus, parts being broken away;

Fig. 13 is a section on the line XIII- m1, Fig. 2; and

Fig. 14 is a section on the line XIV-MV, Fig. 2.

Major gas supplies and proportion A support as column I (Figs. l, 1l, 12) has thereon head 2 (Fig. 2), with arm 3 to block 4 carrying tting 5 to which extends duct 6 as a supply of nitrous oxid under pressure say reduced to sixty pounds from the high pressure in the tanks. This incoming nitrous oxid enters the tting 5 by port 1. This fitting 5 is provided with disk 8 having threaded stem 9 in bushing I8 rotatable against disk II to depress rubber gasket I2 into closure position at ledge I3 about the port 1.

This disk 8 is Yshown as carrying nitrous oxid identication I4. Upon opening this valve the nitrous oxid supply from the duct 6 will pass this packless valve to branch I5 into duct I6 of the block 4.l The block 4 is assembled by screws I 1 with the arm 3. As so assembled, the duct I6 has flange terminating in nozzle I8 normally held closed by rubber gasket I9, as acted upon by plunger 28 engaged by lever arm 2| of lever having fulcrum 22 and depending arm 23. The opening of the nitrous oxid supply Valve I2, I3, by rotating the disk 8 permits flow of this pressure gas past the nozzle I8 into chamber 24 (Fig. 12) thence by duct 25 and tube 26 into reservoir 21 having opposing flexible diaphragm sides 28, 29. .This distensible rubber bag 21l is housed in chamber 30 having shield side 3| for the diaphragm 28 and shield side 32 for the diaphragm 29. This diaphragm `29 is provided with central' metallic insert or seat 33 against which engages nose 340i the depending arm 23 of the lever 2|, 23. Accordingly, ,as the pressure supply of gas builds up in the small capacity distensible gas bag 21, the diaphragm 29 moves out into the shield 32 yand rocks the lever 23, 2|, on its fulcrum 22 in thrusting the -plunger 29 against the gasket I9 in closing the nozzle I8.

'Ihe fulcrum 22 is carried by member 35 assembled by screws 36 with the block 4 to locate the plunger 20 in alignment with the nozzle I8. l'n parallel with the nitrous oxid gas supply line 6 may be ethylene gas supply line 31 having its supply control by cut o IT disk 8 bearing identification notation 38 at a tting 5 (Fig. 2).

Oxygen supply line 39 may extend to tting 40 having identication'V notation 40' in communication with duct 4I in block 42 mounted by arm 43 on the head 2. This block 42 is similar to the block 4. The block 42 carries member 35 providing mounting for fulcrum 22 of lever having depending arm 23 (Fig. 12) coacting on distension of bag 21 in shield 44 similar to the shield 38. Between the levers 23 is pair of links 45 as a toggle having connecting pin 46 engaged with sleeve 41 in which is located compression spring 48 about stem 49 having pin 50 for bringing the spring 48 under compression against bushing 5| v This stem'49 (Figs. 13,v 14) extends upward through arm 52 and has threaded portion 53 coacting with pinion nut 54 held against theA arm 52 by` block 55. Knurled disk 56 on stem 51 is fast with pinion 58 in mesh with the pinion 54. The disk 56 (Fig. 2).carries notation 59 movable as to the pointer 60 on the block 55. The adjustment of this disk' 56 determines the compression of the spring 48 and accordingly equalizes the pressure of the gasesl say nitrous oxid in one bag and oxygen in the other bag for distension in the shields .30, 44.. The W of gas ISISv as thus permitted at the adjusted pressure is from the respective blocks 4, 42, through ducts 6I, 62 (Fig. 11), to ports 63, 64, at plug proportioning valve 65, for flow upward on opposite sides of medial partition 66 to lift disk 61 and thus flow into chamber 68.

Depending skirt 69 below window 10 determines the lift of this check disk 61. About this window 10 is notation carrying ange 1I disclosing percentage of oxygen in the proportion.

For more delicate minor rotations of this proportioning plug valve than through the grasping of the marginally knurled flange 1|, there is minor notation disk 12 having fixed therewith pinion 13 in mesh with gear segment 14 xed with the flange 1|. This minor scale notation carrying disk 12 (Fig. 2) is located below fixed pointer 15 and has a reading indication for the scale on the disk 12.

Oxygen gas supply independently of proportioning In the conducting of anaesthesia or analgesia with the apparatus as herein disclosed there is available emergency oxygen independently of aneesthetizing gases which may be supplied for bringing up the patient as sinking, for inating the lungs or as artificial respiration means. To this end in the duct 4| is port 16 (Fig. 11) normally maintained closed by valve 11. The operator by depressing push button 18 against exible rubber diaphragm 19 may unseat this valve 11 and allow a direct flow of oxygen to duct and by ports` 8|, 8|', directly into the chamber 68 above the disk 61.

Carbon dz'oid supply independently of proportioning `As an excitant for promoting respiration, carbon dioxid as an auxiliary gas may be supplied say by line 82 to fitting 83. By rotating disk 84 as to pointer 85, plunger 86 may be shifted from off position to minor Volume flow rates say as indicated for' 10U c. c. per minute, graduated by the clearance of taper portion 81 as to phenol condensation product seat 88, thus allowing the carbon dioxid from the line 82 to ow from the fitting 83 by passage89 to the passage 80, and thereby reach the chamber 68 above the check disk 61.

Gas supply to the patient From the chamber 68 above the check disk 61 the gases may flow by way of passage 90 in arm 52 and thence by flexible hose 9| to mask fitting 92 having flexible rim 93. This mask 92 (Fig. 1) is provided with adjustable relief valve 94 having scale 95 for determining holding action of its exhaust or relief and such may be adjusted down for positive holding or temporarily by depressing push button 96 there may be holding against release.

The holding of this push button 96 against release may be adopted in the instances for lung inflation by oxygen or inciting respiration in intermittently supplying the oxygen by the pressing of the push button 18 and holding this button 96 down, then releasing both upon the exhalation by the patient.

Reb'reathing Exhalation from the patient seats the disk 61 and with the adjustment of the relief valve at the mask for a degree of holding action, the exhaled gases may pass through the chamber 68 by way of the ports 8| from the passage 90 into passage 91 (Fig. 3) in arm 98. At this arm 98 there is mounting by screws 99 (Fig. 8) of block |00 from which depends gusseted distensible rubber rebreathing bag IOI housed by fixed shield portion |02 (Fig. 4) and movable lid portion |03. This lid portion |03 is provided with cam arm |04 engaged by roller |05 of depending arm |06 normally held against this cam |04 by torsion spring |01 (Fig. 5).

The configuration of the cam |04 is to approximate uniform pressure holding action for resisting distension or ination of the bag IOI as arrested by varying the tension on the spring |01 about shaft |08. This shaft |08 carries worm wheel |09 (Fig. 6) in mesh with worm ||0 which may be rotated by key I|I and the angle of friction in this speed reduction serves as a holding action. Fixed with the shaft |08 is indication disk II2 (Fig. 2) movable past window I I3 in shield I |4 so that pointer I5 may disclose the pressure on this rebreathing bag IOI say in millimeters of mercury.

Fixed with the frame |00 is ratchet IIB (Fig. 4) engageable by shrouded pawl II1 normally held by torsion spring I|8 into engagement with ratchet IIG. This pawl is mounted by depending arm I I9 loosely mounted on shaft |08 carried with the block |00. Fixed with this arm |I9 is abutment I2I overhanging to limit the outward or opening swing of the lid |03. Thereby there is positive limitation of the rebreathing volume or shifting toward distended position of this rebreathing bag IOI.

As this resistance to filling of this rebreathing bag IOI is adjusted, it is, in operation, in order that such filling should occur before there is escape of the exhalation at the relief Valve adjacent the mask. This means that the uncontaminated gases which did not go down into the lungs suiciently to be used by the patient are conserved and there may be desirably a portion of the carbon dioxid exhalation also conserved in this rebreathing bag IOI. Furthermore on lnhalation the rebreathing bag collapses before the check disk B1 is lifted thereby insuring the return of the carbon dioxid as an excitant to respiration in advance of the new gases. This is an important factor in preserving the respiration cycle for the patient.

Chart Mounted by the block |00 is clock motor |22 provided with starting and stopping switch |23, speed adjustment arm |24 (Fig. l), driving sprocket |25 and winding shaft |26. From this sprocket |25 extends sprocket chain |21 to sprocket wheel |28 having slip frictional drive connection to bushing |20. This bushing |20 is keyed with roll |29.

Fixed with the block |00 and laterally of roll |29 is shaft |30 mounting reserve roll |3| as a continuous strip of paper to pass therefrom under the roll |29 thence upwardly and rearwardly over table |32. This roll |3| has slight tension placed thereon by spring |33 at one end. At the opposite end there extends knurled button |34 which may be engaged by the attendant and rotated for releasing the shaft |30 and removing the supply of roll stock or paper strip |3| thereon. This button |34 is convenient anchorage for chain |35 to carry key |36 to engage protruding stem |31 from the roller |29 and rotate such roller as may be desired in locating the strip I3 I. This roller |29 has radially extending bosses |38 at each end. The bosses at one end, say at the left, f

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extend through and approximately t into openings |39 in the paper strip |3| while to compensatelfor humidity variation in the paper the bosses |38 at the opposite end extend with freedom for movement transversely in the stock into slots |40 in the paper. There is thus by rotation of the key |36 a positive feeding of this strip |3| as to the table |32. This chart |4| (Fig. 10) from the roll |30 is provided with notations and graduations for directly recording on the time sequence conditions as transpiring.

Pulse pressure In taking the pulse pressure, bandage |42 may be Wrapped about say the biceps of a patient, with the bag |43 therein connected by duct |44 "(Fig. 1) to port |45. This port 45 is connected `by duct |46 with fitting |41 having communication with passage |48 in thev block 4. In this block 4 from the passage I6 is port |49 normally closed by Valve |50. Depression of push button |5| is effective through rubber gasket |52 to open this valve |50 (Fig. 11) and allow now of pressure gas from the passage |6, say nitrous oxid, into the passage |48 and to tting |41-and duct |46 into the tube or hose |44 extending to bag |43 to inflate this bandage to such degree that disk |53 as held by bandage |54 in proximity to be responsive to pulse action, say in the elbow, may not be operable. That is from this disk |53 duct |55 to head set |56 of this stethoscope may be such that audible pulse action is not heard.

This pressure gas into the fitting |45 is in communication with duct |51 extending above mercury column |58 (Fig. 1) in manometer having major portion |59 and minor communicating duct |60. This minor duct |60 terminates above the balanced region in dierential chamber |6| of greater diameter than the major manometer chamber |59. Plug |62 may drain the manometer or be a relief for adjusting the level of the mercury therein.

'I'his manometer pressure connection between the duct |51 and chamber |59 is at tting |63. In the chamber |6| is oat |64 connected by flexible cord |65 passing upward through port |66 about roller |61 at one side of the table |32 thence about roller |68 at the opposite side and downward therefrom into Well |69 there to be attached to counterweight |10 (Fig. 3). This cord |65 is provided with clip 1| in which may be located ink carrying groove or fountain pen |12 \in the vicinity of member |13 having fulcrum |14 and handle |15 (Fig. 2). By depressing the handle |15 the pen. |12 is lifted clear of the chart |41 and this is the condition upon inflation of the bag |43 at the bandage to the extent that 'pulse beats are not audible. The tting |41 (Fig. 3) is provided with rotary control disk |16 on the stem of a valve which in opening allows seepage flow of this bandage inflating gas from the passage |46 by way of passage |11 back into passage 91 in the arm 98 of the machine. As the stethoscope reveals the pulse action as effective past the bandage |42, the operator lifts the handle |15 to allow the pen |12 to rest upon the chart |4|. This lowering of the pen into writing position on the chart |4 is in the Vicinity or toward hold down clip |18 for the chart. The operator of the stethoscope allows the pen to travel toward the left as the pressure lowers and the float |64 consequently descends. traveling action of the pen on the chart is permitted until the travel from the systolic position This at first hearing Vuntil diastolic position when audibility ceases and the pen is lifted by depressing the handle |15. There is thus provided straight line |19 (Fig, 10) as a recording of the pulse pressure range and this location of the range on the chart is preferably one transversely of the parallel lines graduated in millimeters of mercury say l0 millimeters of mercury per line. 'The gas thus used seeps back into the machine and the seepage Valve |16 may be closed.V Inasmuch as the chart |4| is progressing by clockwork and the operator has'noted the time for the operation, it is automatically recorded the time in which this pulse pressure condition was obtained and there may be repetition in this straight line recording of the heart action as frequently as the attendant may desire with condition thus differently recorded at each reading on the time schedule.

` In this travel of theA chart over the table |32, I'

the chart is loosely held in such operative position as to the table by loose side shoes lying over the bosses |38 (Figs. 2, 8). There is accordingly during the operation at all times consequently available the pressure gas which gas is not wasted and which inflation maybe readily repeated with the seepage for depression and the recording readily occur. To supplement this check on pulse pressure condition, the attendant may note from stop watch source the pulse rate |8| and additionally respiration rate |82 (Fig. 10).' Respiration pressure is automatically determined by leaving this valve |16 open so that the adjusted pressure under which the machine is operating is transmitted through the line |11 to the manometer and thus the pen |12 may in the intervals when the pulse rate pressure is not being taken, operate on the chart in recording writings |83.

Theser notations in millimeters of mercury apply directly for the pressure and pulse pressure while the same notations may refer to the pulse rate and respiration rate.

Proportiom'ng recording rect recording bythispen |89 at writing |9| of oxygen percentage operation of the machine (Fig. 10)

Rebreathing recording The shield-|03is provided with bracket |92 to which extends cord |93 over roller |94 and thence upward over guideA rollerV |95 thence about roller |96 below the roller |86 and back to tension takeup device |88 as a terminus. This cord |93 is provided with clip |1|` carrying pen |91 operable on chart region |98 (Fig. 10) having scale showing rebreathing in cubic centimeters, herein shown as c. c. per line as the capacity changes at the notches |6 for the distension of the rebreathing bag |0|.

At each inhalation, the pen |91 descends to zero, or with the pen adjusted for the condition at which the rebreathing occurs in full deflation of the bag, and upon exhalation moves outward in making writing |99 as the automatic recorded chart condition at the time and during the breathing'of the patient. Gages 200 at the machine may disclose to the attendant that reduced pressure, say 60 pounds, is being maintained in the sources of supply. The respective pens 12, |89, |91, should be maintained in ink flowing condition and during the operation of the clockwork, with the transverse lines say ve minute intervals, the conditions met in the patient are graphically recorded as occurring.

Tidal respiration Besides the occasional taking of the pulse pressure there may be checking of the patients tidal volume of respiration by releasing the pawl ||1 and holding the exhaust valve at the mask so that there is the full throw of exhalation trapped in the rebreathing bag This causes the pen |91 to write rebreathing chart line 20|.

The conditions as desirably met in practice may be identified as in region 202 in the chart (Fig.

When excess of oxygen causes a reduction in volume of respiration and reduces the eiect of the nitrous oxid, there is met the condition as shown at region 203 (Fig. 10).

When the respiration is stopped and pure oxygen is forced into the lungs under 35 millimeters of mercury pressure twice to start breathing again, there is the chart condition 204 which also discloses the slowing up of the pulse rate and recovery of the pulse rate and respiration after the resuscitation.

Chart condition 205 shows how small respirations may be increased in depth by rebreathing progressively more and more until adequate volume of respiration is obtained.

Chart condition 206 (Fig. 10) shows gases administered at ten to fteen millimeters of pressure with rebreathing of 300 to 400 c. c. while at one time forty millimeters of mercury pressure was used. This is a condition which may be employed in extraction of teeth.

Chart region 201 (Fig. 10) shows poor technical handling of ansthesia with irregular breathing and variable pulse and respiration rates partly as a result of irregular mixtures or percentages of the oxygen in the mixture.

When the cuff or bandage |42 and duct |44 are disconnected, plug 208 closes the manometer so that the pen |12 may be eiective for writings |83 on the chart.

The operator who is in control position at the machine for the various valves and controls, in looking down thereon, has before him at the chart a station which is a clearing house for the recording instruments as disclosing means in the operation of the anaesthesia apparatus of this disclosure.

What is claimed and it is desired to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Apparatus for administering gas to a patient comprising duct means to be influenced by pulse pressure, pressure gas supply means thereto, a control for delivering said supply in excess of pulse pressure, a gas administering duct from the duct means, and a seepage control for lowering pressure in the duct means in .pulse pressure means and delivering such into the said gas administering duct.

2. Apparatus for producing the particular result of anaesthesia by means of known gas adapted to be repeatedly diluted by respiration during administration to a patient, said apparatus comprising means for supplying a volume of known gas adapted for inhalation by the patient, means for proportioning said supply relatively to exhaled gas, means for delivering said supply at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, means for regulating said above-atmospheric pressure of said gas at pressure points in a range adapted to be influenced by exhalation independently of and notwithstanding discontinuance of said supply during inhalation, manually adjustable pressure means adapted to maintain said exhaled gas at a pressure above that of the known gas supply for the full delivery volume thereof as an inhalation diluent in advance of known gas to the patient, and means for disclosing exhaled gas volumes of succeeding respirations.

3. Anaesthetizing apparatus, a plurality of ducts leading thereto adapted for gas transmission from independent sources of gas supply under pressure, there being passages in said apparatus in communication with said ducts, a mixing valve to which a plurality of said passages extend from the ducts and adapted to supply gas thereto, a delivery duct to which said valve is adapted to deliver a predetermined mixture of gases, means providing a passageway from one of said passages by-passing said mixing valve to said delivery duct, gas flow control means in said passageway, one of said passages extending direct from one of said ducts to said way between the delivery duct and control means, and a valve in said latter passage.

4. Anaesthetizing apparatus comprising a machine, a pressure gas supply therefor, valve means for controlling gas flow in saidmachine,amanom eter, means mounting the manometer with the machine for controllableconnectionwithsaidsupply, said manometer including a float, a manometer operation disclosing means and a flexible connection between the oat and disclosing means, and a flexible wall chamber providing means adapted to be assembled with a patient to be alected by pulse condition of the patient, said latter means being provided with duct connections to be charged by said gas supply for operating said manometer.

5. Anaesthetizing apparatus embodying a machine provided with independent pressure gas supply ducts thereto, valve means for controlling the flow of said gases in said machine, a delivery duct for the mixed gases from said valve means, a branch duct from one of said supply ducts, a manometer in communication therewith, an inflatable cuff adapted to be positioned on a patient, and a duct from said branch to said cuff.

6. Ansthetizing apparatus embodying a machine provided with independent pressure gas supply ducts thereto, valve means for controlling the ow of said gases in said machine, a delivery duct for the mixed gases from said valve means, a branch duct from one of said supply ducts, a manometer in communication therewith, an inatable cui adapted to be positioned on a patient, a valved duct from said branch to said cuir", and spill control means from the cu back to the delivery duct.

'1. Anaesthetizing apparatus embodying a machine providing With independent pressure gas supply ducts thereto, valve means for controlling the flow of said gases in said machine, a delivery duct for the mixed gases from said valve means, a branch duct from one of said supply ducts, a manometer in communication therewith, a pressure cuir adapted to be positioned on a patient, said manometer including a float, and pulse condieter having connection with said passageway, a branch duct from said manometer, an inflatable cuff to which said branch duct means extend, a Valve for spilling gas from the ou, and disclosing mechanism operable by said manometer for pres- 5 sure condition at the cu.

ELMER I. MCKESSON. 

